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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

269
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
269

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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
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Visual networks: Electric brain stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging.

Tomoaki Tamada1, Rei Enatsu1, Takuro Saito1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Revue Neurologique
|April 23, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electric brain stimulation (EBS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) mapped visual networks. Visual illusions and hallucinations arise from distinct cortical regions and white matter tracts, aiding understanding of human visual function.

Keywords:
Diffusion tensor imagingElectric brain stimulationVisual processingVisual symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Understanding the precise localization and connectivity of visual functional areas is crucial for both basic neuroscience and clinical applications, particularly in epilepsy surgery.
  • Electric brain stimulation (EBS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are powerful tools for investigating brain networks, but their combined application in mapping visual pathways requires further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cortical regions and white matter networks associated with visual functional areas using a combination of EBS and DTI.
  • To differentiate the neural substrates underlying different visual symptoms, such as visual illusions and hallucinations, evoked by EBS.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen epilepsy patients with visually identified functional areas via EBS were studied.
  • Electric stimulation (50Hz) was applied during tasks, and DTI was used to trace subcortical fibers connected to stimulated visual areas.
  • Tractography was employed to visualize white matter pathways.

Main Results:

  • EBS elicited visual illusions (e.g., altered vision) and visual hallucinations (e.g., new object perception).
  • Visual illusions correlated with stimulation of lateral temporo-parieto-occipital areas, while hallucinations were linked to lateral/basal temporal, occipital, and precuneus regions.
  • Tractography identified distinct pathways for illusions (superior fronto-occipital fasciculus) and hallucinations (middle longitudinal fasciculus), with shared fibers including optic radiations and inferior longitudinal fasciculus.

Conclusions:

  • This study successfully delineated specific cortical areas and white matter networks underpinning visual perception using EBS and DTI.
  • The findings provide valuable insights into the neural basis of human visual processing and offer practical guidance for presurgical mapping in epilepsy patients.