Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

335
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
335
Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

915
In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
915
Three-Winding Transformers01:19

Three-Winding Transformers

279
Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
279
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

183
In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the...
183
Transformers01:26

Transformers

1.1K
A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
1.1K
Frequency Response of a Circuit01:20

Frequency Response of a Circuit

325
Inductive circuits present intriguing challenges in electrical engineering, particularly during the transition from the time domain to the frequency domain. This transformation involves converting inductors into impedances and utilizing phasor representation.
The transfer function is pivotal in characterizing how these circuits react to various frequencies, facilitating a profound understanding of their behavior. An essential parameter is the time constant, signifying the...
325

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modifiable Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations: Global Burden of Disease 2021.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

In silico exploration of the RAPTOR-STAT3 interface reveals potential crosstalk between mTORC1 and JAK-STAT pathways in Sjogren's syndrome and its linked cancer.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same author

The mechanisms by which polyamines regulate wheat grain filling under drought stress conditions.

Journal of plant physiology·2026
Same author

Molecular mapping of flowering traits revealed a major QTL, qDFFF3.3.1 associated with early maturity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).

BMC plant biology·2025
Same author

Optimizing CHP-based multi-carrier energy networks with advanced energy storage solutions.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Transformer windings defects identification using frequency response analysis and advanced data visualization techniques.

Scientific reports·2025
Same journal

Peripheral B-cell receptor repertoire predicts immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Effects of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae zoocompost on the mineral element content of blue honeysuckle berries.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Investigation on absorption refrigeration performance of R1243zf with imidazolium ionic liquid as the working pairs.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

DeepTriage-CN: integrating clinical text with vital signs for emergency department admission prediction in an aging population.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Gold nanoparticles as dual-action antiviral agents: disruption of SARS-CoV-2 viral envelopes and RNA integrity.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Comparison of capillary microsampling and venous blood for multi-pathogen serosurveillance.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells
11:18

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

Published on: December 11, 2019

6.8K

Transformer's frequency response analysis results interpretation using a novel cross entropy based methodology.

Chander Parkash1, Ali Reza Abbasi2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, 140 104, India.

Scientific Reports
|April 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) helps detect transformer defects. A new hyperbolic fuzzy cross entropy (FCE) method accurately classifies winding faults by analyzing specific frequency ranges in FRA signatures.

More Related Videos

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
11:15

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

Published on: June 27, 2013

33.8K
A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency
07:43

A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency

Published on: October 5, 2019

22.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells
11:18

A Guide to Concentration Alternating Frequency Response Analysis of Fuel Cells

Published on: December 11, 2019

6.8K
Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
11:15

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

Published on: June 27, 2013

33.8K
A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency
07:43

A Simple Approach to Perform TEER Measurements Using a Self-Made Volt-Amperemeter with Programmable Output Frequency

Published on: October 5, 2019

22.1K

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Power Systems Engineering
  • Diagnostic Techniques

Background:

  • Transformer diagnostics are crucial for grid reliability.
  • Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) is a key technique for detecting transformer winding defects.
  • Interpreting FRA signatures for specific fault types remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for accurate interpretation and classification of transformer winding defects using FRA.
  • To establish relationships between specific fault types (axial displacement, radial deformation, short-circuits) and frequency ranges within FRA signatures.
  • To enhance the diagnostic accuracy of FRA by improving the discrimination of healthy and faulted transformer conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a real transformer subjected to healthy and faulted conditions (axial displacement, radial deformation, short-circuits).
  • Applied a new hyperbolic fuzzy cross entropy (FCE) measure for feature extraction and classification of FRA data.
  • Normalized FRA results and extracted lower bounds to construct fuzzy sets for healthy and faulted states.
  • Developed a fault classification methodology based on the highest and lowest FCE measure values between fuzzy sets.

Main Results:

  • The hyperbolic FCE measure effectively discriminated between healthy and various faulted transformer winding conditions.
  • The highest FCE measure values successfully confirmed the occurrence of specific winding faults (AD, RD, SC) within defined frequency ranges.
  • The proposed methodology demonstrated accurate classification of transformer winding defects based on FRA signatures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hyperbolic FCE-based methodology offers a smart and accurate approach for interpreting FRA signatures.
  • This technique effectively discriminates between healthy and faulted transformer conditions, improving diagnostic reliability.
  • The findings contribute to more precise classification of winding faults in power transformers through advanced FRA analysis.