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A stroll through the present and future of testicular germ cell tumour biomarkers
Nuno Tiago Tavares1,2, Rui Henrique1,3,4, Aditya Bagrodia5
1Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.
Introduction:
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most commonly diagnosed cancers among young men. Although these tumors usually have a good prognosis and are highly treatable, clinicians and pathologists still face specific dilemmas inherent to this tumor model, which is highly due to its developmental origin.
Areas Covered:
A wide-ranging review of the currently available and future prospects in the field of TGCT biomarkers is presented.
Expert Opinion:
The field of TGCT biomarkers has been widely studied in the last decade. Although these patients usually present with good prognosis, there are still specific clinical questions where novel biomarkers are needed to complement the ones already used in the clinic. These questions include the follow-up method of clinical stage-I patients, detection of minimal residual disease, proper identification of teratoma, and suitable selection of patients to chemotherapy, according to their inherent resistance.
