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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

19
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Coronary artery properties in atherosclerosis: A deep learning predictive model.

Ricardo Caballero1, Miguel Ángel Martínez1,2, Estefanía Peña1,2

  • 1Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.

Frontiers in Physiology
|April 24, 2023
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Summary

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed to predict plaque vulnerability by estimating the Young modulus of atherosclerotic coronary arteries. This AI model accurately assesses plaque mechanical properties, aiding in diagnosing vulnerability.

Keywords:
artificial neural networkatheroma plaquecardiovascular diseasesdeep learningin silico modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Biology
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease poses significant health risks.
  • Plaque vulnerability is a key factor in cardiovascular events.
  • Accurate assessment of plaque mechanical properties is crucial for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for predicting plaque vulnerability.
  • To estimate the Young's modulus of the core and plaque in atherosclerotic coronary arteries.
  • To enhance the diagnostic capabilities for plaque instability.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an in silico database using Finite Element simulations.
  • Statistical analysis for data pre-processing and identification of influential variables.
  • Development and training of a Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

Main Results:

  • The ANN achieved a Mean Squared Error (MSE) below 10^-7 for predicting Young's modulus (E_core and E_plaque).
  • Accurate predictions of mechanical properties were validated on a test dataset.
  • Application to 10,000 realistic plaques yielded relative errors below 3%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ANN provides an accurate and efficient method for estimating plaque mechanical properties.
  • This AI-driven approach can significantly aid in the diagnosis of plaque vulnerability.
  • The study demonstrates the potential of ANNs in advancing cardiovascular disease diagnostics.