Immune-mediated lung diseases: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Immunology
• Pathogenesis of Lung Diseases

Background:

• Immunity's role in lung disease pathogenesis, especially interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is increasingly recognized.
• Immune-mediated lung diseases are heterogeneous, categorized by cause (e.g., connective tissue disease-associated, exposure-related, idiopathic).
• The complex immunopathogenesis involves immune dysregulation, abnormal healing, and chronic inflammation, often with genetic predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of immune-mediated lung diseases.
• To highlight the heterogeneity and challenges in managing these conditions.
• To discuss current therapeutic strategies and the need for advances.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of immune-mediated lung diseases.
• Analysis of current treatment approaches and their limitations.
• Discussion of emerging therapies like antifibrotic agents.

Main Results:

• Immune-mediated lung diseases present diverse clinical and immunological features.
• Management is challenging due to heterogeneity and poorly defined pathogenesis.
• Current treatments include corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and antifibrotics, with varying efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Individualized treatment approaches are essential for managing immune-mediated lung diseases.
• There is a significant need for standardized guidelines and novel therapeutic strategies.
• Advances in understanding pathogenesis are crucial for developing more effective treatments.