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The Fallacy of Misplaced Presumption.

James B Freeman1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Emeritus, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065 USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accepting information relies on source reliability, competence, and credibility. Misplaced presumptions and fallacies arise when trust is unwarranted, necessitating critical evaluation of claims.

Keywords:
"Alternative facts"Carolyn McLeodCatarina Dutilh NovaesDeceptive speechFallaciesIllegitimate reasons for discounting a sourceLegitimate reasons for denying presumptionLegitimate reasons for distrustLouise CummingsNicholas RescherPresumptionsTrust

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Area of Science:

  • Epistemology
  • Philosophy of Information

Background:

  • Information acceptance is based on source credibility and plausibility.
  • Assessing the reliability of information sources is crucial for knowledge acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the justification for accepting or rejecting claims from sources.
  • To analyze the role of presumptions, fallacies, and trust in information acceptance.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of epistemic justification.
  • Examination of factors influencing trust in information sources.
  • Discussion of fallacies related to presumption.

Main Results:

  • Source reliability is determined by competence, credibility, and authority.
  • Misplaced presumptions (positive fallacy) and unrecognized presumptions (negative fallacy) can lead to errors in judgment.
  • Factors like sexism, race, and cultural differences impact source evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Justified belief requires critical assessment of source reliability and contextual factors.
  • Understanding the nuances of trust and presumption is key to sound epistemic practices.
  • Evaluating claims involves considering both the source and the presented argument.