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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Pleura of the Lungs

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus

Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus

Published on: September 16, 2022

Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst.

Ananda Datta¹, Srikanth M Goud¹, Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra¹

¹Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases

|April 24, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A ruptured hydatid cyst caused a patient

Keywords:

Hydatid cyst ruptured hydatid cyst water-lily sign

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Microscopic Cyst Resection for the Treatment of Patients Diagnosed with Epididymal Cyst

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Published on: March 31, 2023

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Parasitology
Thoracic Surgery

Background:

Hydatidosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus tapeworms.
Ruptured hydatid cysts can lead to serious complications, including anaphylaxis and secondary infection.
Thoracic involvement is rare but can present with significant respiratory compromise.

Observation:

A 37-year-old male presented with symptoms of left-sided hydropneumothorax.
Initial management involved drainage of pleural fluid and air.
Radiological imaging, including chest X-ray and CT scan, revealed findings consistent with a ruptured hydatid cyst.

Findings:

Characteristic radiological features of a ruptured hydatid cyst were identified.
Echinococcal serology returned positive, confirming the diagnosis.
The patient's presentation of hydropneumothorax was directly attributed to the ruptured cyst.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis of hydropneumothorax, even in non-endemic areas.
Prompt diagnosis through imaging and serology is crucial for appropriate management.
Early intervention can prevent life-threatening complications associated with ruptured hydatid cysts.