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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

8.1K
The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

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A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...
128
Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

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The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
Occluding or Tight...
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Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization
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Gap junctions in Turing-type periodic feather pattern formation.

Chun-Chih Tseng1,2, Thomas E Woolley3, Ting-Xin Jiang4

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gap junctions facilitate Turing-type patterning in feather development by propagating inhibitory signals. Disrupting gap junction communication leads to altered feather bud formation and the emergence of new buds in waves.

Keywords:
Turing modelcell communicationconnexinfeather morphogenesisperiodic pattern formationsecondary hair wave formation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular communication
  • Pattern formation

Background:

  • Periodic patterning in tissues relies on cell-cell interactions.
  • Turing's model explains pattern formation via activator-inhibitor systems.
  • Gap junctions (GJs) enable rapid cell communication, potentially mediating non-protein patterning signals.

Approach:

  • Investigated GJ roles in Turing-type patterning using feather development as a model.
  • Examined GJ isoform expression in developing chicken skin.
  • Perturbed GJ function using siRNA and dominant-negative mutants.
  • Utilized ex vivo skin explant cultures to observe feather bud formation.
  • Developed Turing-based computational simulations.

Key Points:

  • Seven of twelve GJ isoforms showed dynamic expression in chicken skin.
  • Inhibition of connexin 30 disrupted primary feather bud development.
  • Blocking GJ communication induced new feather bud formation in temporal waves.
  • GJ communication appears to propagate long-distance inhibitory signals.

Conclusions:

  • Gap junctional communication is crucial for regulating feather patterning.
  • Modulating GJ activity can influence the emergence of new feather buds.
  • Turing-based models can predict wave-like bud formation based on intercellular communication levels.