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Monkeypox: another pandemic in the making?

Prinay Sohal1, Aakanksha Gupta1, Shefali Gupta2

  • 1Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.

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|April 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, is spreading globally. The vaccinia virus vaccine offers protection, but its discontinued use has led to increased susceptibility and proliferation of the monkeypox virus.

Keywords:
Disease outbreakMpoxemerging infectious diseasesmonkeypox virusorthopoxvirusrashsmallpox viruszoonotic diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (Poxviridae family).
  • Transmission occurs via direct or indirect contact with infectious fluid secretions.
  • The disease shares clinical similarities with smallpox, a historically significant eradicated viral illness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of monkeypox epidemiology and clinical presentation.
  • To highlight the implications of smallpox vaccine discontinuation on monkeypox susceptibility.
  • To underscore the urgency of controlling the evolving, transmissible monkeypox virus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of monkeypox characteristics and transmission.
  • Comparison of monkeypox and smallpox clinical presentations.
  • Analysis of the impact of vaccinia virus vaccine cessation.

Main Results:

  • Monkeypox symptoms include fever, malaise, and a characteristic rash.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the primary diagnostic tool.
  • The vaccinia virus vaccine, previously protective, is no longer widely administered, increasing susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • The current multicountry monkeypox outbreak, declared a public health emergency, requires immediate control measures.
  • The virus's mutation ability and high transmissibility pose a pandemic risk.
  • Swift development of control strategies is crucial to prevent widespread proliferation.