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Triglyceride level as a potential marker of residual cardiovascular risk and its relation to HeartScore
Enisa Ademović1, Mirza Čakarić2, Azra Durak-Nalbantić3
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Insights
High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and elevated HeartSCORE risk were found in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Elevated triglycerides were more common in those with higher cardiovascular risk, suggesting their importance in risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Preventive Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are a leading cause of death in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Elevated LDL-cholesterol is a known cardiovascular risk marker.
- Triglycerides may indicate residual ASCVD risk beyond LDL-cholesterol.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate the prevalence of ASCVD risk factors, lipid profiles, and 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk using HeartSCORE.
- Assess the relationship between elevated triglycerides and high 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 832 volunteers (40-65 years) without diabetes or prior cardiovascular disease.
- Collected data on ASCVD risk factors and lipid panels (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides).
- Calculated 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk using the HeartSCORE system.
Main Results:
- High prevalence of hypertension (27.7%), obesity (32.2%), and smoking (36.2%).
- Suboptimal lipid parameters (except HDL-C) were common.
- Only 17.4% had normal HeartSCORE risk; 33.9% had high or very high risk.
- Weak positive correlation (r=0.249) between triglycerides and 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk.
Conclusions:
- High prevalence of risk factors and HeartSCORE risk indicate significant ASCVD burden.
- Elevated triglycerides were more frequent in individuals with high HeartSCORE risk, underscoring their clinical relevance.
Background:
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Elevated LDL-cholesterol is established as a strong marker of cardiovascular risk. Some researchers believe that measuring triglyceride levels gives a good assessment of the residual risk for ASCVD besides the measurement of LDL-cholesterol.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall prevalence of major risk factors for ASCVD, lipid profile and 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk using the HeartSCORE scoring system. Further, we want to evaluate the prevalence and relationship between elevated triglyceride levels and high 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk calculated as a HeartSCORE.
Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 832 volunteers aged between 40 and 65 years without a diagnosis of diabetes and without known preexisting cardiovascular disease, as a part of the preventive program conducted at the Family Medicine office. Data were collected for ASCVD risk factors and lipid panel (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides). 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk was calculated using the HeartSCORE scoring system for countries with high CV risk.
Results:
Among 832 participants included, 565 (67.9%) were female, and 267 (32.1%) were male. We found high prevalence of hypertension (27.7%), obesity (32.2%), and smoking (36.2%). All lipid parameters, except HDL-C, were not optimal. Only 17.4% of participants had normal estimated HeartSCORE risk, while more than one-third (33.9%) had high or very high estimated HeartSCORE risk. Although we found a higher percentage of participants with elevated triglycerides in groups with higher HeartSCORE, there was a very weak positive correlation between values of triglycerides and the 10-year risk of a fatal cardiovascular event (r= 0.249, p= 0.000).
Conclusion:
The high prevalence of major known risk factors and high estimated HeartSCORE risk indicate a high overall risk for ASCVD in the sample. The proportion of participants with elevated triglycerides was increased in patients with high HeartSCORE risk what implicates importance of triglyceride measurement.
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