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A new paradigm for addictions.

Kari Poikolainen1

  • 1Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)
|April 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Addictions stem from pleasure-seeking and hyperbolic discounting, which weakens willpower and forms habits. This research proposes a new paradigm, viewing addictions as distinct problems, not diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Studies

Background:

  • Addictions are complex behavioral patterns with significant societal impact.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the underlying mechanisms of addiction.
  • Understanding the cognitive and biological drivers is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel theoretical framework for understanding addictions.
  • To identify core psychological mechanisms contributing to addictive behaviors.
  • To differentiate addictions from traditional disease classifications.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing research findings on addiction.
  • Application of theoretical concepts, including thought experiments.
Keywords:
addictionconceptdependencehyperbolic discountingparadigmpleasurerisk factors

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  • Analysis of behavioral economics principles like hyperbolic discounting.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified pleasure-seeking and hyperbolic discounting as key drivers of addiction.
    • Demonstrated hyperbolic discounting's role in prioritizing immediate rewards over larger future ones.
    • Highlighted the interaction of predisposing factors, including internalizing and externalizing mental health issues.

    Conclusions:

    • Addictions arise from the interplay of temptation (pleasure) and weakened resolve (hyperbolic discounting), leading to habit formation.
    • Proposed paradigm suggests addictions are a unique category of problems, distinct from diseases.
    • Diseases are not typically sought for pleasure, unlike addictive behaviors.