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Related Concept Videos

Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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What is Glycolysis?00:56

What is Glycolysis?

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Overview
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...
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Glycolysis01:23

Glycolysis

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Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...
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Carbohydrate Catabolism01:30

Carbohydrate Catabolism

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Carbohydrate catabolism is a fundamental process in cellular metabolism that enables energy extraction from glucose through two primary pathways: cellular respiration and fermentation. Both pathways begin with glycolysis, which operates independently of oxygen availability.Glycolysis: A Shared Starting PointGlycolysis is an oxygen-independent process that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. During this process, a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules is...
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Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis01:20

Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis

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Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
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Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase

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In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
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Chemical Memory with Discrete Turing Patterns Appearing in the Glycolytic Reaction.

Jerzy Gorecki1, Frantisek Muzika1

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 24, 2023
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Summary

Researchers developed a chemical memory unit using a glycolytic reaction in three interacting reactors. This system uses Turing patterns to store information, offering a novel approach to chemical information processing.

Keywords:
chemical computingdiscrete Turing patternglycolytic reactionmemoryoscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Memory is crucial for information processing.
  • Chemical systems offer potential for novel memory devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a chemical memory unit using the glycolytic reaction.
  • To explore the use of Turing patterns for information coding in a chemical system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 2-variable computational model of the glycolytic reaction in three continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs).
  • Analyzed system dynamics including limit cycles and discrete Turing patterns.
  • Manipulated Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) inflow to write and erase information.

Main Results:

  • Oscillations in the CSTR network represent a blank memory state.
  • Discrete Turing patterns encode information, allowing storage of six different symbols.
  • Information writing is achieved via specific, short ATP inflow perturbations on one or two nodes.
  • Memory erasure is performed by applying identical ATP inflow perturbations to all nodes.

Conclusions:

  • The glycolytic reaction network can function as a chemical memory unit.
  • Pattern-coded memory is demonstrated, with potential applications in other reaction networks.
  • This study suggests a pathway for experimental realization of chemical memory.