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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue.
  • Societal stress, a known exacerbator of IPV, increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Visitor restrictions in Emergency Departments (EDs) during the pandemic created a unique environment for patient screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the frequency of nurse-initiated IPV screening before and during early COVID-19 pandemic visitor restrictions.
  • To assess the frequency of positive IPV screens during these periods.
  • To determine the impact of pandemic-related changes on IPV screening practices.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study of adult ED patients.
  • Comparison of data from pre-pandemic (June-August 2019) and pandemic (June-August 2020) periods.
  • Statistical analysis including chi-square tests and binary logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • The odds of nurse-initiated IPV screening significantly increased during the pandemic (OR 1.509).
  • The odds of verbally screening positive for IPV also significantly increased (OR 1.375).
  • These increases occurred following the implementation of COVID-19 visitor restriction policies.

Conclusions:

  • Nurse-initiated IPV screening should be conducted privately, even post-pandemic.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that COVID-19-related stress contributes to increased IPV.
  • Private screening environments may enhance detection rates of IPV.