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Deep eutectic solvent coated paper: Sustainable sorptive phase for sample preparation.

Inmaculada López-Ruiz1, Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés1, Rafael Lucena1

  • 1Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) research group, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente IQUEMA, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.

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Summary

This study introduces a sustainable paper-based sorptive phase using deep eutectic solvents (DES) for isolating triazine herbicides from water. The method offers sensitive and accurate environmental water analysis.

Keywords:
Deep eutectic solventsEnvironmental analysisMicroextractionPaper-based sorptive phasesTriazine herbicides

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cellulose paper offers a low-cost, sustainable substrate for sorptive phases.
  • Traditional coatings can limit the sustainability of paper-based sorptive materials.
  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES) present a greener alternative for analyte isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel paper-based sorptive phase utilizing a Thymol-Vanillin DES.
  • To apply this method for the efficient isolation of triazine herbicides from environmental water samples.
  • To enhance the sustainability of paper-based analytical devices.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and deposition of Thymol-Vanillin DES onto cellulose paper strips.
  • Application as a sorptive phase for triazine herbicide extraction.
  • Analysis of isolated herbicides using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with selected ion monitoring.
  • Optimization of critical parameters: sample volume, extractant amount, extraction time, and ionic strength.

Main Results:

  • The paper-supported DES demonstrated good linearity (R² > 0.995) for triazine herbicides.
  • Achieved limits of detection (LODs) between 0.4–0.6 µg L⁻¹.
  • Exhibited high precision (RSD < 14.7%) and excellent relative recoveries (90–106%) in real water samples.

Conclusions:

  • The Thymol-Vanillin DES-coated paper serves as an effective and sustainable sorptive phase for triazine herbicide analysis.
  • The developed method is sensitive, accurate, and suitable for routine environmental water monitoring.
  • This approach advances the use of DES in green analytical chemistry and paper-based sensing platforms.