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3D printed superparamagnetic stimuli-responsive starfish-shaped hydrogels.

Ali A Mohammed1, Jingqi Miao2, Ieva Ragaisyte2

  • 1Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.

Heliyon
|April 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed 3D printed magnetic hydrogels using VAT photopolymerization. These stimuli-responsive materials offer improved nanoparticle homogeneity and enable precise magnetic actuation for soft robotics and actuators.

Keywords:
3D printingAdditive manufacturingHydrogelsMagnetic stimuliSuper paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)VAT photopolymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Magnetic-stimuli responsive hydrogels are crucial for advanced applications like biomedical devices and soft robotics.
  • Conventional hydrogel fabrication methods limit complex architectures, hindering rapid customization.
  • Existing 3D printing methods for magnetic hydrogels face limitations in resolution and ink viscosity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an optimized VAT photopolymerization method for 3D printing magnetic hydrogels.
  • To improve nanoparticle homogeneity and reduce agglomeration in photo-resins infused with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs).
  • To demonstrate the magnetic actuation capabilities and mechanical stability of the 3D printed hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a photo-resin composed of water, acrylamide, and PEGDA.
  • Homogenously infused up to 2 wt% of 10 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) into the photo-resin.
  • Utilized VAT photopolymerization for high-resolution 3D printing of complex hydrogel architectures, such as starfish shapes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved improved nanoparticle homogeneity and reduced SPION agglomeration during printing.
  • The 3D printed starfish hydrogels demonstrated high mechanical stability with a Young's modulus of 1.8 MPa and 10% shape deformation when swollen.
  • Individual arms of the starfish hydrogels were magnetically actuated, and the structures could grasp magnets, returning to their original shape post-actuation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed VAT photopolymerization method enables the fabrication of high-resolution, mechanically robust magnetic hydrogels.
  • These hydrogels exhibit precise, stimuli-responsive magnetic actuation capabilities.
  • The materials show significant potential for applications in soft robotics, magnetically stimulated actuators, and other advanced fields.