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Childhood Disadvantage Moderates Late Midlife Default Mode Network Cortical Microstructure and Visual Memory

Rongxiang Tang1,2, Jeremy A Elman1,2, Anders M Dale3,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|April 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood disadvantage impacts brain aging. Lower default mode network (DMN) integrity is linked to poorer visual memory, especially in those with childhood disadvantage, highlighting early aging vulnerabilities.

Keywords:
Episodic memoryMean diffusivityNeurodegenerationSocioeconomic status

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Childhood disadvantage is a significant risk factor for cognitive and brain aging.
  • It is linked to impaired episodic memory and default mode network (DMN) abnormalities.
  • The long-term effects of childhood disadvantage on the brain-cognition relationship during early aging remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between DMN cortical microstructural integrity and episodic memory in adults aged 56-66.
  • To determine if childhood disadvantage moderates this brain-cognition relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to measure DMN cortical mean diffusivity (MD) in 350 men.
  • Assessed visual and verbal episodic memory.
  • Classified participants into disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged groups based on parental education and occupation.

Main Results:

  • Higher DMN MD correlated with poorer visual memory (p = .040) but not verbal memory (p = .535).
  • This association was significant only in the childhood disadvantaged group (p = .002).

Conclusions:

  • Reduced DMN cortical microstructural integrity may indicate visual memory vulnerability in cognitively normal adults early in the aging process.
  • Individuals with childhood disadvantage showed greater vulnerability to visual memory deficits linked to cortical microstructure compared to resilient non-disadvantaged individuals.