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Chronotype and sensory-processing sensitivity: A cross-sectional survey.

Naomi Staller1, Christoph Randler1, Muriel Weigel2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.

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|April 25, 2023
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Summary

Morningness in chronotype correlates with low sensory threshold, while eveningness is linked to aesthetic sensitivity. These findings suggest complex interactions between sensory processing sensitivity and chronotype, potentially influenced by genetic expression.

Keywords:
BIS/BASBig FiveCircadian preferencehighly sensitive personsensory-processing sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Chronobiology
  • Personality Science

Background:

  • Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) describes individual differences in perceiving and reacting to stimuli.
  • Chronotype reflects an individual's natural inclination towards morning or evening activity.
  • Understanding the interplay between SPS and chronotype is crucial for comprehending human behavioral and biological rhythms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and chronotype in a large German-speaking adult sample.
  • To explore specific facets of SPS (low sensory threshold, aesthetic sensitivity, ease of excitation) in relation to morningness and eveningness.

Main Methods:

  • An anonymous online questionnaire was administered to 1807 German-speaking adults (mean age 47.75 years).
  • Chronotype was assessed using the Morning-Evening-Questionnaire and typical sleep times.
  • SPS was measured using the German version of the three-factor model, and personality traits via the NEO-FFI-30.

Main Results:

  • Morningness significantly correlated with the SPS facet of low sensory threshold (LST).
  • Eveningness showed a correlation with aesthetic sensitivity (AES) and a marginal correlation with ease of excitation (EOE).
  • Correlations between chronotype and SPS facets differed in direction from those typically observed with Big Five personality traits.

Conclusions:

  • Chronotype is associated with specific facets of sensory processing sensitivity.
  • The distinct correlations suggest that SPS and chronotype may be influenced by different, interacting genetic factors.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex genetic underpinnings of these traits.