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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
08:56

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Perioperative Arrhythmias.

Simon Pecha1, Paulus Kirchhof, Bruno Reissmann

  • 1University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Department of Cardiology; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|April 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perioperative arrhythmias are common, especially after cardiac surgery. Identifying high-risk patients and providing tailored monitoring improves safety and outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Perioperative Medicine

Background:

  • Perioperative arrhythmias are frequent, increasing patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Over 90% of cardiac operations involve arrhythmias, often transient and asymptomatic.
  • Risk factors include ion channel diseases, age, structural heart disease, and major surgeries.

Approach:

  • Review of pertinent PubMed publications and European guidelines.
  • Selective literature search for comprehensive data.
  • Analysis of existing research on perioperative arrhythmia management.

Key Points:

  • Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias can occur perioperatively.
  • Beta-blockers reduce the risk of perioperative atrial fibrillation (OR = 0.56).
  • Direct oral anticoagulants show less bleeding risk than vitamin K antagonists during surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized perioperative monitoring and identification of high-risk patients are crucial for safety.
  • Outpatient cardiological follow-up enhances patient outcomes.
  • Proper ECG interpretation and understanding of arrhythmia pathophysiology are vital for effective treatment.