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Related Concept Videos

Humanistic Psychology01:24

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Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
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Does Masked Interviewing Encourage Holistic Review in Residency Selection? A Mixed-Methods Study.

Justin T Clapp1,2,3, Sarah J Heins1, Timothy G Gaulton1,2,3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Teaching and Learning in Medicine
|April 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Masking academic information during residency interviews did not significantly change applicant ratings. This study suggests focusing on how programs use criteria, rather than eliminating metrics, for fairer holistic review in medical education.

Keywords:
Masked interviewholistic reviewmedical residencyresident selectionselection committee

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Residency Selection
  • Holistic Review

Background:

  • Medical educators advocate for holistic review in residency selection.
  • Standardized academic criteria like board scores hinder holistic review implementation.
  • Masking interviewers from academic files is proposed to enhance interview contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effect of masking interviewers from applicants' academic files on residency selection.
  • To assess whether masking promotes a more independent contribution of the interview to candidate evaluation.
  • To analyze how masking influences the evaluation process in anesthesiology residency selection.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods study using a concurrent, partially mixed, equal-status design.
  • Audio-recording and qualitative analysis of selection committee meetings.
  • Statistical comparison of interviewer and consensus ratings between masked and conventional interview days.

Main Results:

  • In conventional meetings, interviewers reconciled academic metrics with interview performance.
  • Masked meetings shifted focus to candidate 'fit' and tactfulness, but led to masking breaches.
  • No significant differences in rating outcomes were found between masked and conventional interview days.

Conclusions:

  • Eliminating academic metrics during interviews does not automatically ensure holistic review.
  • Interventions should focus on how programs apply academic and other criteria for evaluation.
  • Further research is needed on refining holistic review processes in medical residency selection.