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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
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Emphasizing the Crosstalk Between Inflammatory and Neural Signaling in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Anusha Govindula1, Niraja Ranadive1, Madhavan Nampoothiri1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology
|April 25, 2023
PubMed
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This review explores how neuroinflammation, involving the HPA axis and COX-2 pathways, contributes to Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Understanding these mechanisms may lead to early interventions for PTSD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic condition characterized by trauma-related memories, negative mood, and hypervigilance.
  • Evidence suggests neural network alterations, including hypothalamus-pituitary-axis (HPA) axis disruption and heightened immune status, contribute to PTSD.
  • Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 metabolites like PGE2 may exacerbate PTSD neurobehavioral symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To link DSM-V symptomology of PTSD to underlying neural mechanisms.
  • To explore how these mechanisms contribute to the transition from acute stress to PTSD development.
  • To identify potential early intervention strategies based on these neuroinflammatory processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical evidence.
  • Postulation of neural network mechanisms.
  • Focus on HPA axis, COX-2, PGE2, NLRP3, and sirtuins.

Main Results:

  • Neural network alterations are implicated in PTSD.
  • Neuroinflammation, involving HPA axis and COX-2 pathways, plays a role in PTSD.
  • Specific molecular pathways like NLRP3 and sirtuins are investigated for their role in PTSD.

Conclusions:

  • Intertwined neuroinflammatory processes are central to PTSD.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers targets for early intervention in PTSD.
  • Further research into pathways like HPA axis, COX-2, PGE2, NLRP3, and sirtuins is crucial for PTSD treatment.