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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Monolithic Titanium Alkoxide Networks for Lithium-Ion Conductive All-Solid-State Electrolytes.

Yue Zhang1, Ying Liu1, Wenda Bao1

  • 1School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.

Nano Letters
|April 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Reticular chemistry enables the modular design of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). This study introduces glassy metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for liquid-free SSEs with tunable properties and high ionic conductivity.

Keywords:
Coordinative networksLithium ionic conductorMOFSolid state electrolyteTitanium-oxo cluster

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Reticular chemistry offers modular design for solid-state electrolytes (SSEs).
  • Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) often necessitate liquid electrolytes for effective interfacial contact.
  • Glassy MOFs present liquid processability and uniform ion conduction, ideal for liquid-free SSEs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a generalizable strategy for the modular design of noncrystalline SSEs using glassy MOFs.
  • To demonstrate this strategy by creating titanium alkoxide networks (TANs).

Main Methods:

  • Bottom-up synthesis of glassy MOFs.
  • Linking polyethylene glycol (PEG) struts with nanosized titanium-oxo clusters.
  • Incorporating PEG linkers of varying molecular weights.

Main Results:

  • Successful creation of titanium alkoxide networks (TANs) via modular design.
  • Optimized PEG linker flexibility for high ionic conductivity.
  • Controlled cross-linking in the reticular network for mechanical strength.

Conclusions:

  • Reticular design is powerful for creating noncrystalline molecular framework materials for SSEs.
  • Glassy MOFs offer a promising route to liquid-free SSEs with tunable properties.