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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

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Impact of reduced night work on shift workers' sleep using difference-in-difference estimation.

Se-Eun Kim1, Hye-Eun Lee2,3, Jung-Wan Koo4

  • 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Occupational Health
|April 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Eliminating overnight shifts significantly improved shift workers' sleep health. Workers experienced longer sleep duration and reduced sleep disturbances after the change.

Keywords:
night shift workquasi-experimental studysleep healthworkplace intervention

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Sociology of Work

Background:

  • Shift work is prevalent and associated with numerous adverse health outcomes.
  • Disruptions to circadian rhythms from overnight work can negatively impact sleep quality and duration.
  • Previous research indicates a link between shift work schedules and poor sleep health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of reducing overnight work on the sleep health of shift workers.
  • To assess changes in sleep duration, awakenings, and subjective sleep quality following a shift system modification.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of eliminating overnight shifts on worker sleep patterns.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental design with a difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was employed.
  • The study compared shift workers (experimental group) with regular day workers (control group) before and after the intervention.
  • Sleep outcomes were measured using questionnaires assessing sleep duration, mid-sleep awakenings, and perceived sleep quality.

Main Results:

  • Eliminating overnight shifts led to a statistically significant increase in daily sleep time (+0.5 hours) among shift workers.
  • The prevalence of awakenings during sleep decreased significantly (-13.9%) in the experimental group.
  • Self-reported poor sleep quality also showed a significant reduction (-34.9%) after the shift system change.

Conclusions:

  • The elimination of overnight work demonstrably improved the sleep health of shift workers.
  • Modifying shift work schedules to exclude overnight shifts is a viable strategy for enhancing worker well-being.
  • Findings support the implementation of work policies that prioritize healthy sleep patterns for shift workers.