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Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

2.5K
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.4K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.4K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

3.7K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.7K
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones01:38

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones

3.0K
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
3.0K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

3.3K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.3K
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

424
Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
424

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Recent Advances in Ynenamine Chemistry.

Bingyang Han1, Zhaofeng Wang1, Yong Huang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|April 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ynenamines, alkyne-containing enamine analogues, offer high potential for multifunctionalization reactions. This review summarizes recent synthetic advances utilizing these underexplored compounds in organic chemistry.

Keywords:
HOMO-raisingconjugated enyneenamineynenamine

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Enamines, derived from carbonyl compounds and amines, are versatile synthetic intermediates.
  • Dienamines and trienamines enable remote-site functionalization of carbonyl compounds.
  • Alkyne-conjugating enamine analogues (ynenamines) are underexplored but show promise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and discuss recent synthetic transformations involving ynenamine compounds.
  • To highlight the potential of ynenamines in multifunctionalization reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in ynenamine chemistry.
  • Analysis of synthetic transformations enabled by ynenamine precursors.

Main Results:

  • Ynenamines facilitate novel synthetic pathways for complex molecule construction.
  • Demonstration of ynenamines' utility in various multifunctionalization reactions.
  • Identification of emerging trends and applications in ynenamine chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • Ynenamine chemistry represents a rapidly developing field with significant synthetic potential.
  • Further exploration of ynenamines is crucial for unlocking new frontiers in organic synthesis.