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The Burden of Human Bocavirus 1 in Hospitalized Children With Respiratory Tract Infections

Hedda Trømborg Jalving1, Inger Heimdal1, Jonas Valand1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|April 26, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) respiratory tract infections (RTI) are less common than RSV, especially when other viruses are present. True HBoV1 RTI is indicated by HBoV1-mRNA detection alone or with one other virus.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections

Background:

  • Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is often detected with other viruses and in asymptomatic children, obscuring its role in respiratory tract infections (RTI).
  • The true burden of HBoV1-induced RTI in hospitalized children remained unclear.
  • This study utilized HBoV1-mRNA as a marker for true HBoV1 RTI to assess its impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the burden of HBoV1 RTI in hospitalized children.
  • To evaluate the influence of viral codetections on HBoV1 RTI.
  • To compare the hospitalization rates of HBoV1 RTI with those of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nasopharyngeal aspirates from 4879 children (<16 years) hospitalized with RTI over 11 years.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HBoV1-DNA, HBoV1-mRNA, and 19 other respiratory pathogens.
  • Statistical analysis, including odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI), was employed to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • HBoV1-mRNA was detected in 2.7% of samples, with seasonal peaks in autumn and winter.
  • The majority of HBoV1-mRNA positive cases (43%) were in children aged 12-17 months.
  • Viral codetections were common (73.8%), and HBoV1-mRNA detection was less likely with multiple codetections or with severe viruses like RSV.

Conclusions:

  • True HBoV1 RTI is most reliably indicated by HBoV1-DNA detection alone or with a single codetected virus.
  • Hospitalization rates for HBoV1 lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are significantly lower than for RSV, estimated at 10-12 times less common.
  • HBoV1 contributes a smaller burden to pediatric respiratory hospitalizations compared to RSV.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenhospitalization rateshuman bocavirusrespiratory tract infectionsseasonality

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