Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 1, 2025
04:11
Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana
Published on: May 21, 2019
13.3K
Polyphenol oxidases regulate pollen development through modulating flavonoids homeostasis in tobacco
Xuemei Wei1, Jie Shu2, Shah Fahad3
1School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650091, China; School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB
|April 26, 2023
Summary
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are crucial for plant reproduction, regulating pollen development and germination. This study reveals PPOs control flavonoid homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways in pollen.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Pollen development is essential for plant reproduction.
- Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are defense-related enzymes with an unexplored role in pollen development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize Nicotiana tabacum PPO (NtPPO) genes.
- To investigate the function of NtPPOs in pollen development and reproduction.
Main Methods:
- Generated NtPPO9/10 double knockout (cas-1) mutants, 35S::NtPPO10 overexpression (cosp) lines, and NtPPO RNAi lines in Nicotiana tabacum.
- Analyzed pollen germination, polarity ratio, fruit weight, metabolite profiles, and transcript levels.
- Assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium (Ca2+), and actin levels in pollen.
Main Results:
- NtPPOs are highly expressed in anthers and pollen.
- NtPPO-RNAi and cosp lines showed reduced pollen germination, polarity ratio, and fruit weight.
- Reduced NtPPO activity led to flavonoid accumulation and decreased ROS, Ca2+, and actin levels in pollen.
Conclusions:
- NtPPOs regulate pollen germination via flavonoid homeostasis and ROS signaling.
- This study provides novel insights into the physiological roles of PPOs in plant reproduction.
Keywords:
Flavonoids accumulationNicotiana tabacumPollen germinationPolyphenol oxidaseReactive oxygen speciesMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:17Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
3.2K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
3.2K
02:04Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
28.6K
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
28.6K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
02:19Morphogenesis
28.5K
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
28.5K
02:40Pollination and Flower Structure
65.3K
Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.
65.3K
01:20Radical Autoxidation
2.2K
The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
2.2K