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Subways and CO₂ emissions: A global analysis with satellite data.

Susmita Dasgupta¹, Somik Lall², David Wheeler³

¹Development Research Group, World Bank, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment

|April 26, 2023

Summary

Subways significantly reduce global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, cutting population-related CO2 by 11% globally. Investing in new subway systems offers substantial climate benefits and economic returns for hundreds of cities.

Keywords:

CO2 emissions Mass transit OCO-2 Subway systems

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Climate Change Research
Urban Planning

Background:

Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions require accurate modeling for effective mitigation strategies.
Understanding the impact of urban infrastructure on emissions is crucial for sustainable development.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate a global CO2 emissions model using high-resolution satellite data.
To quantify the impact of urban subways on CO2 emissions.
To assess the climate co-benefits and economic viability of future subway construction.

Main Methods:

Developed a global CO2 emissions model integrating satellite data (25 km resolution).
Incorporated industrial sources, fires, and population-related factors (income, energy needs).
Conducted counterfactual analysis on subway impact and projected future benefits.

Main Results:

Subways significantly reduce population-related CO2 emissions by 50% in 192 cities and 11% globally.
Future subway investments show significant climate co-benefits even under pessimistic cost assumptions.
Hundreds of cities demonstrate high social rates of return for subway construction based on climate benefits alone.

Conclusions:

Subways are a powerful tool for mitigating CO2 emissions and achieving climate goals.
Subway construction offers substantial economic and environmental advantages, justifying investment.
Urban transit infrastructure plays a vital role in global emissions reduction efforts.