From waste to wealth: Innovations in organic solid waste composting

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Soil Science
• Waste Management

Background:

• Organic solid waste (OSW) presents environmental challenges but is a rich source of recyclable materials.
• Composting is a key strategy for sustainable and circular economy principles, converting OSW into valuable soil amendments.
• Unconventional composting methods, including membrane-covered aerobic composting and vermicomposting, show enhanced benefits over traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current advancements and future trends in utilizing OSW for fertilizer production.
• To highlight the role of additives like microbial agents and biochar in managing harmful substances during composting.
• To emphasize the need for integrated, data-driven strategies in OSW composting.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current advancements in OSW composting.
• Analysis of unconventional composting techniques and their effectiveness.
• Examination of the role of additives and data-driven methodologies.

Main Results:

• Advanced composting methods (vermicomposting, membrane-covered aerobic) improve soil biodiversity and plant growth.
• Additives like microbial agents and biochar are crucial for controlling harmful substances in compost.
• Integrated strategies are necessary for product development and decision optimization in OSW recycling.

Conclusions:

• OSW composting is a viable route to sustainable fertilizer production.
• Future research should focus on emerging pollutants, microbial evolution, and advanced analytical methods.
• Developing functional bacteria and robust analytical techniques are vital for understanding pollutant degradation mechanisms.