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Patterns of multiple brain network activation in dot perspective task.

Marie-Louise Montandon1,2, Cristelle Rodriguez3,4, François R Herrmann5

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. marie.montandon@unige.ch.

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|April 26, 2023
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Perspective inconsistency in a dot task increases reaction time and errors. Mentalizing (Avatar) tasks recruit theory of mind and salience networks, unlike non-mentalizing (Arrow) tasks, differentiating brain responses to stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Understanding the neural basis of distinguishing self from other perspectives is crucial for social cognition.
  • Previous research suggests distinct brain networks are involved in processing self-referential and other-referential information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of processing self and other perspectives using functional MRI (fMRI).
  • To differentiate brain activation patterns between mentalizing (Avatar) and non-mentalizing (Arrow) tasks.
  • To examine how perspective inconsistency affects cognitive performance and brain activity.

Main Methods:

  • Functional MRI (fMRI) was employed on 82 healthy adults.
  • Participants completed the dot perspective task under Self and Other conditions, with consistent and inconsistent trials.
  • Behavioral data (reaction time, errors) and brain activation patterns were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Perspective inconsistency significantly increased reaction time and errors in both Self and Other conditions.
  • The Avatar (mentalizing) paradigm, unlike the Arrow (non-mentalizing) paradigm, engaged mentalizing and salience networks.
  • Processing 'Other' perspectives activated theory of mind (ToM) areas, salience network, and decision-making regions more than 'Self' perspectives.
  • Self-Inconsistent trials showed increased activation in lateral occipital cortex and frontal gyri.
  • Other-Inconsistent trials revealed strong activation in lateral occipital cortex, precuneus, superior parietal lobule, and frontal regions.

Conclusions:

  • fMRI data support a distinction between mentalizing and non-mentalizing stimuli based on brain network recruitment.
  • Altercentric interference (processing others' perspectives) involves self-other distinction, self-updating, and executive functions.
  • Egocentric interference (self-perspective processing) engages the mirror neuron system and deductive reasoning, less related to pure ToM abilities.