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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

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[Injection therapy of diabetes].

Monika Lechleitner1, Michael Roden2,3,4, Raimund Weitgasser5,6

  • 1Avomed-Arbeitskreis für Vorsorgemedizin und Gesundheitsförderung in Tirol, Innsbruck, Österreich.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|April 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article provides Austrian Diabetes Association recommendations for using injectable medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin, to treat type 2 diabetes effectively.

Keywords:
Injection therapy and type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Type 2 diabetes management
  • Current treatment guidelines
  • Injection therapy options

Purpose:

  • Provide practical guidance on injection therapy for type 2 diabetes
  • Outline recommendations for GLP1-receptor agonists and insulin use
  • Support clinicians in optimizing patient treatment

Summary:

  • The Austrian Diabetes Association offers recommendations for the practical application of injection therapies in type 2 diabetes.
  • Guidance covers both glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin.
  • Focuses on real-world clinical use and patient management.

Impact:

  • Enhance the effective use of injectable therapies for type 2 diabetes.
  • Improve patient outcomes through evidence-based recommendations.
  • Standardize the approach to insulin and GLP1-receptor agonist therapy.