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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Extracellular Glucose Depletion as an Indirect Measure of Glucose Uptake in Cells and Tissues Ex Vivo
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[Gestational diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)].

Alexandra Kautzky-Willer1, Yvonne Winhofer2, Herbert Kiss3

  • 1Gender Medicine Unit, Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich. alexandra.kautzky-willer@meduniwien.ac.at.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|April 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a pregnancy complication affecting glucose metabolism. Early detection and management, including lifestyle changes and medication, are crucial for maternal and infant health.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular risk PregnancyDiabetic fetopathyGestational diabetes mellitusNeonatal careOverweight/obesityPrediabetesPregnancy complicationsType 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
  • GDM increases risks for mothers and offspring, including long-term complications.
  • Early screening and diagnosis are vital for high-risk pregnancies.

Purpose:

  • To define gestational diabetes (GDM) and its diagnostic criteria.
  • To outline screening recommendations and diagnostic methods for GDM.
  • To detail management strategies and follow-up care for GDM.

Summary:

  • GDM diagnosis involves oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) or fasting glucose levels.
  • Screening is recommended in early pregnancy for high-risk individuals and universally between 24-28 weeks.
  • Management includes nutritional counseling, blood glucose self-monitoring, physical activity, and potentially insulin therapy.
  • Postpartum reevaluation and long-term monitoring for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are essential.

Impact:

  • Improved feto-maternal outcomes through timely GDM diagnosis and management.
  • Reduced long-term health risks for mothers and offspring by addressing GDM and associated conditions.
  • Enhanced understanding of GDM screening, diagnosis, and comprehensive care protocols.