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Related Concept Videos

Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

935
The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...
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Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
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Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
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MSX1-expression during the different phases in healthy human endometrium.

Simon Eppich1, Christina Kuhn1,2, Elisa Schmoeckel3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.

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|April 26, 2023
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Summary

MSX1 expression is highest in the proliferative phase of the endometrium and decreases during the secretory phase. This finding correlates with progesterone receptors, suggesting a regulatory role in the female reproductive system.

Keywords:
EndometriumGlandular cellsMSX-1Progesterone receptorProliferative phase

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • The human endometrium exhibits cyclical changes throughout the menstrual cycle.
  • MSX1 has been identified as a positive prognosticator in endometrial carcinomas.
  • Understanding MSX1 regulation in healthy endometrium is crucial for reproductive health insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate MSX1 expression patterns in normal endometrial tissue across different menstrual cycle phases.
  • To explore the relationship between MSX1 and progesterone receptors (PR-A, PR-B) in the endometrium.
  • To gain deeper insight into MSX1 gene regulation within the female reproductive system.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 17 normal endometrial tissue samples.
  • Immunohistochemical staining to evaluate MSX1 expression.
  • Calculation of Immunoreactive Score (IRS) and correlation analysis with progesterone receptors and Inhibin Beta-C.

Main Results:

  • MSX1 expression was significantly higher in glandular cells during the proliferative phase compared to the secretory phases (p=0.011).
  • A positive correlation was observed between MSX1 and progesterone receptor A (PR-A) (cc=0.0671, p=0.024) and progesterone receptor B (PR-B) (cc=0.0691, p=0.018).
  • A trend towards negative correlation was noted between MSX1 and Inhibin Beta-C expression (cc=-0.583, p=0.060).

Conclusions:

  • MSX1 is predominantly expressed in the proliferative phase of normal endometrial glandular epithelial tissue.
  • The positive correlation with PR-A and PR-B suggests potential direct regulation of MSX1 by progesterone.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise regulatory mechanisms of MSX1 in the endometrium.