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Related Concept Videos

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Pituitary adenoma consistency affects postoperative hormone function: a retrospective study.

Dario De Alcubierre1, Giulia Puliani2, Alessia Cozzolino1

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

BMC Endocrine Disorders
|April 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Tumor consistency in pituitary adenomas impacts surgical outcomes. Fibrous tumors are linked to higher risks of hormone deficiencies and lower resection rates, suggesting consistency is key for surgical planning.

Keywords:
HypopituitarismPituitary adenomaPostoperative pituitary functionTumor consistency

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tumor consistency is a novel factor in surgical planning for pituitary adenomas.
  • Its effect on postoperative endocrine function remains unclear.
  • This study investigates the link between tumor consistency and postoperative pituitary deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of pituitary adenoma consistency on the development of postoperative endocrine deficiencies.
  • To explore the relationship between tumor characteristics and surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 50 patients undergoing transsphenoidal adenomectomy.
  • Collected data included tumor consistency, macroscopic appearance, surgical approach, and complications.
  • Assessed radiological and biochemical evaluations preoperatively and hormone levels 3-6 months post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Fibrous tumor consistency (10% of cases) correlated with higher Ki-67, increased risk of hormone deficiencies (OR=8.571), and lower resection rates (OR=1.385).
  • Greater tumor volume and male sex were associated with worse preoperative endocrine function.
  • Suprasellar extension and CSI also correlated with worse resection rates.

Conclusions:

  • Pituitary adenoma consistency may predict postoperative endocrine function due to its influence on surgical procedures.
  • Preliminary findings suggest tumor consistency is a valuable factor in surgical planning.
  • Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these results.