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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

14
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

904
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

563
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

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ANCA-Associated Vasculitis after Moderna COVID-19 Vaccination.

Shiko Gen1, Takanori Iwai1, Sayuri Ohnari1

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A rare case of myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-associated vasculitis occurred after a Moderna COVID-19 vaccine booster. Prompt diagnosis and steroid treatment led to symptom improvement, highlighting a potential vaccine side effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are associated with various adverse reactions.
  • Myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-associated vasculitis is a rare autoimmune condition.

Observation:

  • An 82-year-old woman presented with persistent pyrexia and malaise one month post-Moderna COVID-19 booster.
  • Blood tests showed inflammation, elevated MPO-ANCA levels, and microscopic hematuria.

Findings:

  • Renal biopsy confirmed MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis.
  • Symptoms significantly improved following steroid therapy.

Implications:

  • MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis is a potential, albeit rare, adverse event following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
  • Clinicians should consider MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis in patients with persistent fever, malaise, or renal symptoms post-vaccination.