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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

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Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
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Viral Mutations00:36

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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SARS2Mutant: SARS-CoV-2 amino-acid mutation atlas database.

Karim Rahimian1, Ehsan Arefian2, Bahar Mahdavi3

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

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Summary

The SARS2Mutant database analyzes millions of COVID-19 sequences to track virus evolution and mutations. This resource aids in developing targeted vaccines and drugs against SARS-CoV-2.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Bioinformatics
  • Genomic Surveillance of Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the urgent need for therapeutic and preventive strategies.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 evolution, natural selection, and its impact on host interaction is crucial for effective control.
  • Existing genomic databases require specialized tools for detailed mutation analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the SARS2Mutant database as a resource for analyzing SARS-CoV-2 protein sequences.
  • To provide insights into viral evolution and mutation patterns.
  • To support the design of targeted vaccines, primers, and drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the SARS2Mutant database utilizing millions of high-quality SARS-CoV-2 complete protein sequences.
  • Implementation of search functionalities based on gene name, geographical zone, and comparative analysis of mutations.
  • Presentation of mutation data in five formats: mutated sample frequencies, heat maps, mutation survivals, natural selections, and substituted amino acid details.

Main Results:

  • The database offers comprehensive data on amino acid substitution mutation strategies.
  • Users can explore mutated sample frequencies, heat maps of mutated positions, mutation survivals, and natural selection patterns.
  • Detailed information on substituted amino acids, including names, positions, and frequencies, is readily available.

Conclusions:

  • The SARS2Mutant database serves as a valuable secondary resource for SARS-CoV-2 mutation analysis.
  • It facilitates the discovery of critical mutation and conserved regions from primary genomic data.
  • The database aids researchers in designing targeted vaccines, primers, and drugs to combat COVID-19.