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Eye Gaze Patterns during Reasoning Provide Insights Regarding Individual Differences in Underlying Cognitive
Paulo Guirro Laurence1, Tatiana Abrão Jana2, Silvia A Bunge3,4
1Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01241-001, Brazil.
Journal of Intelligence
|April 27, 2023
Summary
Eye-tracking metrics during a matrix reasoning task predict fluid reasoning, planning, and working memory abilities. These gaze patterns offer insights into cognitive functions beyond the specific task performed, demonstrating broad applicability.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Eye movements during task performance offer insights into cognitive strategies.
- Previous research has not determined if eye gaze metrics reflect general cognitive abilities across different tasks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if eye movement sequences and gaze metrics from a matrix reasoning task correlate with broader cognitive abilities.
- To determine if eye-tracking data can predict performance in fluid reasoning, planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.
Main Methods:
- Participants completed a matrix reasoning task while their eye movements were recorded.
- Eye gaze metrics were classified using an algorithm and analyzed with LASSO regression models.
- Gaze metrics were correlated with scores from fluid reasoning tests, planning, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A).
Main Results:
- Specific eye gaze metrics predicted 57% of the variance in fluid reasoning scores.
- Eye-tracking metrics explained 17% of the variance in planning scores and 18% in working memory scores.
- Selected gaze metrics demonstrated predictive power for cognitive abilities beyond the matrix reasoning task.
Conclusions:
- The findings support the hypothesis that eye-tracking metrics can reflect cognitive abilities that are not task-specific.
- Eye movement patterns during reasoning tasks may serve as a non-invasive indicator of general cognitive functioning.
- This research opens avenues for using eye-tracking as a tool to assess diverse cognitive abilities.
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