Tungiasis Stigma and Control Practices in a Hyperendemic Region in Northeastern Uganda

Area of Science:

• Neglected Tropical Diseases
• Public Health
• Dermatology

Background:

• Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like tungiasis are often associated with significant social stigma.
• Tungiasis is hyperendemic in Napak District, Uganda, with limited access to effective treatments.
• Poverty exacerbates the challenges in controlling stigmatized conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence of tungiasis and associated stigma in rural northeastern Uganda.
• To understand local perceptions and control practices related to tungiasis.
• To identify key factors for reducing tungiasis-related stigma and improving disease management.

Main Methods:

• A questionnaire survey was conducted with 1329 household caretakers across 17 villages.
• Respondents were examined for tungiasis, and their perceptions and practices were recorded.
• Prevalence data and qualitative responses on stigma and control were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Tungiasis prevalence was high at 61.0% among the surveyed population.
• A significant portion of respondents expressed stigmatizing attitudes (42.0%) and common embarrassment.
• Hazardous local treatment practices, such as manual extraction and toxic substance application, were prevalent.
• Lack of access to clean water was identified as a barrier to prevention.

Conclusions:

• Tungiasis is a prevalent and stigmatized condition in the study area, linked to perceptions of poor hygiene and laziness.
• Current local treatment methods are often dangerous and ineffective.
• Improving access to safe water and effective medical treatment is essential to break the cycle of tungiasis and its associated stigma.