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Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Manufacture and Drug Delivery Applications of Silk Nanoparticles

Manufacture and Drug Delivery Applications of Silk Nanoparticles

Published on: October 8, 2016

NIR-Cleavable and pH-Responsive Polymeric Yolk-Shell Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Release.

Xiaotao Wang¹, Yebin Yang¹, Gaowen Zhang¹

¹Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.

Biomacromolecules

|April 27, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed novel nanocapsules using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for controlled drug delivery. These nanocapsules release anticancer drugs like doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) in response to near-infrared (NIR) light and pH changes, improving cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Developing controlled drug release systems requires responsive carriers with low toxicity.
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer unique optical properties for potential biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize robust poly o-nitrobenzyl@UCNP nanocapsules for dual-responsive drug delivery.
To investigate the NIR light- and pH-responsive drug release capabilities of these nanocapsules.

Main Methods:

Utilized distillation-precipitation polymerization and templating to create yolk-shell nanocapsules.
Decorated UCNPs with a double functional diffractive o-nitrobenzyl crosslinker and methacrylic acid (MAA) monomer.
Loaded doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and studied release kinetics using the Baker-Lonsdale model.

Main Results:

Synthesized poly o-nitrobenzyl@UCNP nanocapsules with a yolk-shell structure.
Demonstrated efficient drug release upon 980 nm NIR irradiation and pH changes.
Achieved a DOX loading efficiency of 13.2 wt % at pH 8.0.
Cytotoxicity studies confirmed controlled cancer cell killing via NIR-triggered drug release.

Conclusions:

Poly o-nitrobenzyl@UCNP nanocapsules exhibit promising dual-responsive drug release properties.
These nanocapsules offer a viable platform for controlled anticancer drug delivery systems.
The study provides insights for designing advanced dual-responsive drug release devices.