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Transition dynamics shape mental state concepts.

Mark A Thornton1, Milena Rmus2, Amisha D Vyas1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College.

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Observing how mental states change helps people understand their conceptual structure. This research shows that the dynamics of mental states, like emotions and thoughts, shape how we conceptualize them.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Humans possess a sophisticated ability to understand others' mental states, including thoughts and feelings.
  • This mental state knowledge is organized conceptually, often along dimensions like valence, guiding social interactions.
  • The acquisition process of this conceptual structure remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of observing mental state dynamics in shaping conceptual structure.
  • To test whether transition probabilities between mental states causally influence conceptual judgments.
  • To explore how artificial intelligence models learn conceptual dimensions from mental state dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Nine behavioral experiments with 1,439 participants examined the impact of observed mental state transitions on conceptual judgments.
  • Computational modeling was used to analyze how individuals represent mental state dynamics geometrically.
  • Three neural network experiments trained AI to predict human mental state dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observing frequent transitions between mental states led participants to judge those states as conceptually similar.
  • Computational models revealed that mental states are embedded in a geometric space where proximity reflects transition likelihood.
  • Neural networks trained on mental state dynamics spontaneously acquired human-like conceptual dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Mental state dynamics, and the drive to predict them, are fundamental in shaping the conceptual structure of mental states.
  • The findings suggest a mechanism by which experience with dynamic social information informs abstract conceptual understanding.
  • This research bridges cognitive science, social psychology, and AI by demonstrating shared principles in conceptual learning.