Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

764
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
764
Imprinting01:22

Imprinting

9.9K
Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
9.9K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

844
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
844
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

34.8K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
34.8K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

381
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
381
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

1.1K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intranasal boosting induces variant-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-imprinted mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

BPTF is essential for vaccine-induced germinal center B cell responses.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Broadly reactive human monoclonal antibodies targeting influenza a nucleoprotein lack protective activity in vivo.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands the B cell response breadth in humans.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Highly focused human CD8+ T-cell response in the lower airways during acute influenza infection.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Using your head to tackle influenza diversity.

Cell host & microbe·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.3K

Immunological imprinting: Understanding COVID-19.

Marios Koutsakos1, Ali H Ellebedy2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Immunity
|April 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Immunological imprinting influences how the body responds to new viral infections based on past exposures. This concept is crucial for understanding immunity and developing effective COVID-19 vaccines.

More Related Videos

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

2.9K
Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

18.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.3K
Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

2.9K
Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C
07:13

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

18.5K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Immunological imprinting describes how prior encounters with viruses shape future immune responses.
  • This phenomenon affects the efficacy of vaccines and the body's ability to fight related viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify concepts and terminology surrounding immunological imprinting.
  • To explain the underlying immunological principles of imprinting.
  • To explore the relevance of imprinting to COVID-19 vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immunological imprinting.
  • Explanation of fundamental immunological mechanisms.
  • Discussion of imprinting's potential impact on vaccine responses.

Main Results:

  • Defined key terms related to immunological imprinting.
  • Elucidated the immunological basis of imprinting.
  • Highlighted the potential implications for COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Immunological imprinting is a significant factor in adaptive immunity.
  • Understanding imprinting is essential for optimizing vaccine strategies, particularly for rapidly evolving viruses like SARS-CoV-2.