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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa
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Genital Herpes Infection: Progress and Problems.

Nicholas Van Wagoner1, Fuad Qushair2, Christine Johnston3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, VH 102A, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|April 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Genital herpes (GH), caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV), leads to recurrent ulcerations. Antiviral treatments manage symptoms and prevent transmission, with new strategies emerging.

Keywords:
Genital herpesGenital ulcer diseaseHSV-1HSV-2Herpes simplex virus

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Genital herpes (GH) is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2).
  • HSV establishes lifelong latency in sacral ganglia, leading to recurrent episodes of genital ulceration and asymptomatic viral shedding.
  • Infections pose risks during pregnancy, including fulminant hepatitis and neonatal transmission, and can present with severe manifestations in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of genital herpes, including its causes, clinical manifestations, and management.
  • To highlight the implications of HSV infection in pregnancy and in immunocompromised populations.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies and emerging novel approaches for prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on genital herpes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment.
  • Analysis of data regarding HSV latency, reactivation, and transmission dynamics.
  • Examination of the efficacy of guanosine analogs and ongoing research into new therapies.

Main Results:

  • Genital herpes presents with a spectrum of symptoms, from asymptomatic to severe ulcerations, with frequent recurrences.
  • HSV reactivation can lead to symptomatic outbreaks or asymptomatic shedding, facilitating sexual transmission.
  • Pregnancy and immunocompromised status can lead to severe or atypical disease presentations.

Conclusions:

  • Genital herpes is a lifelong infection requiring ongoing management to control symptoms and prevent transmission.
  • Current treatments, primarily guanosine analogs, effectively manage recurrences and reduce shedding.
  • Development of novel preventive strategies, such as vaccines, and improved therapeutics is crucial for controlling the global burden of genital herpes.