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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
Published on: September 4, 2015
Thermodynamic determination of the equilibrium first-order phase-transition line hidden by hysteresis in a phase
Keisuke Matsuura1, Yo Nishizawa2, Markus Kriener3
1RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, 351-0198, Japan. matsuura@phys.titech.ac.jp.
Abstract:
In some materials exhibiting field-induced first-order transitions (FOTs), the equilibrium phase-transition line is hidden by the hysteresis region associated with the FOT. In general, phase diagrams form the basis for the study of material science, and the profiles of phase-transition lines separating different thermodynamic phases include comprehensive information about thermodynamic quantities, such as latent heat. However, in a field-induced FOT, the equilibrium phase-transition line cannot be precisely determined from measurements of resistivity, magnetization, etc, especially when the transition is accompanied by large hysteresis. Here, we demonstrate a thermodynamics-based method for determining the hidden equilibrium FOT line in a material exhibiting a field-induced FOT. This method is verified for the field-induced FOT between antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic states in magneto-electric compounds ([Formula: see text]. The equilibrium FOT line determined based on the Clausius-Clapeyron equation exhibits a reasonable profile in terms of the third law of thermodynamics, and it shows marked differences from the midpoints of the hysteresis region. Our findings highlight that for a field-induced FOT exhibiting large hysteresis, care should be taken for referring to the hysteresis midpoint line when discussing field-induced latent heat or magnetocaloric effects.
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