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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Published on: December 26, 2019

T Cell Immunological Synaptosomes: Definition and Isolation.

Hye-Ran Kim^1,2, Jeong-Su Park¹, Na-Young Kim¹

¹School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|April 27, 2023

Summary

Microvilli release T cell microvilli particles (TMPs) upon stimulation, forming T cell immunological synaptosomes (TISs). These TISs transfer messages to antigen-presenting cells, revealing a novel immune communication pathway.

Keywords:

Antibody-immobilized agarose beads Extracellular vesicles Microvilli T cell immunological synaptosomes (TISs)T cell microvilli particles (TMPs)

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Microvilli traditionally serve as structural scaffolds for T cell receptor (TCR) clustering.
Recent findings indicate microvilli possess a novel function in intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of microvilli in T cell signaling and intercellular communication.
To describe a method for isolating and analyzing T cell immunological synaptosomes (TISs).

Main Methods:

Activated T cells were stimulated to induce microvilli vesiculation.
T cell microvilli particles (TMPs) and synaptic ectosomes were isolated to form TISs using antibody-immobilized agarose beads and density gradient ultracentrifugation.
Flow cytometry was employed for TIS quantification and assessment of their effects on dendritic cells.

Main Results:

Microvilli detach upon TCR stimulation, forming T cell microvilli particles (TMPs).
TMPs and synaptic ectosomes combine to form T cell immunological synaptosomes (TISs).
TISs function as conveyors of T cell messages to antigen-presenting cells.

Conclusions:

TISs represent a newly identified mechanism for T cell communication.
The developed protocol enables the isolation, quantification, and functional evaluation of TISs.
This discovery sheds light on novel pathways of immune cell interaction and information transfer.