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What to Do with the New Antibiotics?

Khalil Chaïbi1,2, Françoise Jaureguy3, Hermann Do Rego4

  • 1Département de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, AP-HP Hôpital Avicenne, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93000 Bobigny, France.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

New antibiotics offer hope against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Understanding risk factors is crucial for optimizing probabilistic antibiotic treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria pose a significant public health threat, risking therapeutic impasses.
  • Emerging infections caused by resistant pathogens necessitate novel antimicrobial agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review newly introduced antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
  • To assess the role of these new agents in both documented and probabilistic treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of epidemiological data in optimizing antibiotic prescriptions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent antibiotic introductions.
  • Analysis of antibiotic efficacy against specific multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacterales).
  • Evaluation of guidelines and risk factors influencing treatment choices.

Main Results:

  • Ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam are key for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
  • Ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam target carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.
  • Cefiderocol demonstrates broad-spectrum activity against many multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.

Conclusions:

  • New antibiotics are vital additions to the therapeutic armamentarium against resistant Gram-negative infections.
  • Consideration of probabilistic treatment, informed by risk factors and local ecology, is essential.
  • Epidemiological data should guide the optimal use of these novel antimicrobial agents.
Keywords:
cefiderocolceftazidim/avibactamceftolozane/tazobactamimipenem/relebactammeropenem/vaborbactammultidrug-resistant bacteria

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