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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and the ocular innervation.

R A Stone

    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) nerves are widespread in mammalian eyes, particularly in the choroid and iris. This study maps VIP nerve distribution across multiple species, revealing variations in the aqueous humor outflow system.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience
    • Immunohistochemistry

    Background:

    • Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological roles.
    • Previous studies have highlighted VIP-like immunoreactive nerves in the mammalian eye, primarily the choroid.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively map the distribution of VIP-like immunoreactive peripheral nerve fibers in the anterior and posterior segments of mammalian eyes.
    • To compare VIP nerve innervation patterns across different species, including rat, guinea pig, cat, and rhesus monkey.

    Main Methods:

    • Indirect immunofluorescence technique utilizing antisera against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).
    • Examination of peripheral nerve fibers in various ocular tissues (limbus, iris, ciliary body, choroid) of multiple mammalian species.

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    Main Results:

    • VIP-like immunoreactive nerves are present in the limbal blood vessels, iris, ciliary body, and choroid of all four species studied.
    • Corneal nerves lack VIP immunoreactivity.
    • The aqueous humor outflow apparatus contains VIP nerves in rats, guinea pigs, and cats, but not in rhesus monkeys.
    • Iris muscles show VIP innervation only in cats.
    • VIP nerves are found within ciliary processes in rats and guinea pigs.
    • An association between VIP nerves and uveal melanocytes is observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) demonstrates a broad distribution of peripheral nerve fibers throughout the mammalian eye.
    • The study expands upon previous findings, providing a detailed comparative analysis of VIP innervation patterns across species.
    • Observed variations in VIP nerve distribution suggest potential species-specific roles in ocular physiology.