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Nutrient Adequacy in Endurance Athletes.

Kamiah Moss1,2, Andreas Kreutzer1,3, Austin J Graybeal4

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|April 28, 2023
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Summary

Endurance athletes often fall short on essential nutrients like carbohydrates and vitamins, while consuming excess saturated fat and sodium. Nutritional shortfalls, particularly for dietary fiber and certain fatty acids, were more prevalent in male athletes, while female athletes showed greater deficiencies in protein and vitamin B12.

Keywords:
endurance athletesmicronutrientsnutrient adequacy macronutrientsnutrient intakes

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Nutrition
  • Human Physiology
  • Dietary Assessment

Background:

  • Optimal nutrition is crucial for endurance athletes' performance.
  • Current dietary intake patterns and potential nutrient shortfalls in this population are not fully understood.
  • Sex-based differences in nutritional adequacy require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess whether endurance athletes meet their energy and nutrient requirements.
  • To identify specific nutrients that are commonly under- or over-consumed.
  • To determine if there are significant sex-based differences in nutritional adequacy among endurance athletes.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 95 endurance athletes (50.5% male) participated in the study.
  • Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall method.
  • Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated and compared against established reference nutrient intakes.

Main Results:

  • A high percentage of athletes failed to meet recommendations for energy, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids (linoleic, ALA, EPA/DHA), fiber, and numerous vitamins and minerals.
  • Excessive intake of saturated fat and sodium was reported by over half of the athletes.
  • Men showed higher rates of inadequacy for dietary fiber, ALA, and total water, while women had greater shortfalls in protein and vitamin B12.

Conclusions:

  • Endurance athletes frequently exhibit suboptimal dietary intake, characterized by deficiencies in key macronutrients, micronutrients, and essential fatty acids.
  • Significant sex-based differences exist in nutrient shortfalls, highlighting the need for tailored nutritional guidance.
  • These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive nutritional assessment and intervention strategies for endurance athletes to optimize health and performance.