Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 1, 2025
08:40
Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
Published on: April 6, 2012
17.7K
Glycemia-Induced miRNA Changes: A Review
Sara Al-Mahayni1, Mohamed Ali1, Muhammad Khan1
1School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 28, 2023
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in diabetes, impacting glycemic control and complications. Research highlights their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic strategies in managing diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health issue with severe complications.
- Glycemic dysregulation (hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia) drives diabetic pathologies.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression and implicated in diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of specific miRNAs in glycemic control and diabetes complications.
- To examine miRNAs involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis.
- To discuss the potential of miRNAs as next-generation biomarkers for diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on miRNAs in diabetes.
- Analysis of miRNA involvement in glycemic regulation and complications.
- Exploration of miRNA roles in endothelial dysfunction, beta-cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance.
Main Results:
- Specific miRNAs significantly influence glycemic control and platelet activity.
- miRNAs are implicated in the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications.
- miRNAs play roles in key pathological processes of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs are critical in diabetes pathogenesis and progression.
- miRNAs show promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for diabetes.
- Targeting miRNAs may offer novel therapeutic avenues for diabetes prevention and treatment.
Related Concept Videos
01:22MicroRNAs
3.1K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.1K
01:16Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.6K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.6K
01:02Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
1.8K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
1.8K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.6K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.6K
01:15Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
306
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
306