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Lethal acrodermatitis in bull terriers.

P F Jezyk, M E Haskins, W E MacKay-Smith

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |April 15, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel lethal syndrome in Bull Terriers causes growth retardation and skin issues. Despite low zinc levels, zinc supplementation did not improve the condition, suggesting a complex genetic disorder.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Genetics
    • Canine Pathology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • A severe, lethal syndrome affecting Bull Terrier pups presents with distinct clinical and pathological features.
    • The syndrome shares similarities with genetic disorders in cattle and humans, prompting investigation into potential causes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize a newly identified lethal syndrome in Bull Terriers.
    • To investigate the underlying mechanisms, including potential zinc deficiency and immune system involvement.
    • To determine the mode of inheritance and assess treatment efficacy.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical and pathological evaluation of 17 affected Bull Terrier pups.
    • Laboratory analyses including blood work, immunoglobulin quantification, and plasma zinc concentration measurements.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Lymphocyte blastogenic response assays and histopathological examination of lymphoid tissues.
  • Family studies to determine the inheritance pattern and treatment trials with zinc supplementation.

    • Main Results:

    • Affected pups exhibited growth retardation, dermatitis, diarrhea, pneumonia, and abnormal behavior with a median survival of 7 months.
    • Laboratory findings included neutrophilia, low serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase, hypercholesterolemia, dysgammaglobulinemia, and decreased lymphocyte responses.
    • Significantly lower plasma zinc concentrations were observed in affected pups compared to controls.
    • Histopathology revealed skin parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, bacterial infections, reduced T-lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues, bronchopneumonia, and cerebral ventricular dilatation.
    • The syndrome was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and zinc treatment was ineffective.

    Conclusions:

    • The Bull Terrier lethal syndrome is a distinct inherited disorder with complex clinical and pathological manifestations.
    • While plasma zinc levels are low, zinc supplementation does not alleviate the clinical signs, indicating that the condition is not solely due to zinc deficiency.
    • The syndrome's autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and unique presentation warrant further research into its specific genetic and molecular basis.