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Sticking to the Subject: Multifunctionality in Microbial Adhesins.

Peter N Lipke1, Peleg Ragonis-Bachar2

  • 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA.

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Summary

Microbial adhesins, crucial for biofilm formation and host interaction, are categorized into professional and moonlighting types. Professional adhesins exhibit longer dissociation rates and diverse functions, unlike moonlighting adhesins.

Keywords:
bacterial cell wallfunctional amyloidfungal cell wallkoffmoonlighting proteinmultidomain protein

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Microbial adhesins mediate critical processes like aggregation, biofilm formation, and host adhesion.
  • Adhesins are classified into 'professional' and 'moonlighting' types, distinguished by conserved non-adhesive activities and dissociation rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize microbial adhesins based on their functions and dissociation rates.
  • To explore the diverse activities and structural features of professional adhesins.
  • To compare professional and moonlighting adhesins.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of adhesin classes (professional vs. moonlighting).
  • Review of structural features contributing to adhesin multifunctionality.
  • Case studies including *Bacillus subtilis* TasA, pilin adhesins, MSCRAMMs, and yeast/ *Candida* adhesins.

Main Results:

  • Professional adhesins possess distinct, often prolonged, dissociation rates compared to moonlighting adhesins.
  • Adhesins exhibit at least three core activities: cell surface association, ligand binding, and host recognition.
  • Professional adhesins engage in complex functions such as molecular complex assembly, cell wall maintenance, signaling, and surface amyloid formation.

Conclusions:

  • Adhesins, particularly professional types, display remarkable multifunctionality through unique structural adaptations.
  • Understanding adhesin structure-function relationships is key to deciphering microbial pathogenesis and intercellular communication.
  • Adhesins share similarities with other multi-activity proteins but possess specialized features for their roles.