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Precision Medicines for Retinal Lipid Metabolism-Related Pathologies.

Raquel da Ana^1,2, Anna Gliszczyńska³, Elena Sanchez-Lopez^4,5,6

¹UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

Journal of Personalized Medicine

|April 28, 2023

Summary

Dysfunctional lipid metabolism contributes to eye diseases like AMD. Targeting lipid metabolism with nanotechnology, especially lipid nanoparticles, offers a promising therapeutic strategy for retinal metabolic disorders.

Keywords:

lipid oxidation nanoparticles ocular lipid metabolism peroxisomal oxidation targeting lipid metabolism

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Metabolic pathways
Biochemistry

Background:

Oxidative stress from lipid peroxidation and metabolic dysregulation drives inflammation and eye disease development.
The retina, with its high metabolic rate, is particularly susceptible to lipid imbalances, impacting photoreceptor function.
Cholesterol homeostasis disruption and lipid accumulation in Bruch's membrane are implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Purpose of the Study:

To review mechanisms of ocular dyslipidemia and their clinical manifestations.
To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting retinal lipid metabolism.
To explore the potential of nanotechnology, particularly lipid nanoparticles, for ocular drug delivery.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on lipid metabolism in ocular diseases.
Analysis of mechanisms linking lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and retinal pathology.
Evaluation of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for ocular applications.

Main Results:

Dysfunctional lipid metabolism, including peroxisomal issues and cholesterol imbalance, is a key factor in eye diseases.
The retina's high lipid content makes it vulnerable to metabolic dysregulation, contributing to conditions like AMD.
Nanoparticles, especially biodegradable lipid nanoparticles, show promise for targeted drug delivery to ocular tissues.

Conclusions:

Targeting lipid metabolism presents a viable therapeutic avenue for ocular diseases.
Nanotechnology offers advanced solutions for site-specific drug delivery to the eye.
Lipid nanoparticles are a safe and effective platform for treating metabolic eye pathologies.