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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Cardiovascular Risk in Systemic Inflammatory Arthritis.

Fabiola Atzeni1, Alessandra Alciati2,3

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Systemic inflammatory arthritis (SIA) increases cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. Early detection and management of CV conditions are crucial for patients with SIA, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Cardiology
  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Public Health and Epidemiology

Background:

  • Growing body of literature addresses cardiovascular (CV) disease in systemic inflammatory arthritis (SIA).
  • Key SIA subtypes discussed include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).
  • Focus areas encompass CV involvement, risk stratification, management strategies, and treatment modalities.

Discussion:

  • SIA pathogenesis contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis and increased CV morbidity/mortality.
  • Inflammation is a shared pathway linking SIA and CV disease.
  • Comorbidities common in SIA, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, exacerbate CV risk.

Key Insights:

  • Patients with SIA exhibit a significantly higher risk of CV events compared to the general population.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are essential for comprehensive CV risk assessment and management in SIA.
  • Emerging evidence supports the role of targeted therapies in mitigating CV risk in SIA.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific CV risk factors and develop tailored prevention strategies for different SIA subtypes.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial to evaluate the long-term impact of novel treatments on CV outcomes.
  • Integration of CV screening into routine SIA care pathways is recommended.